Breast cancer and breast self-examination

 Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and better outcomes. One method for early detection is breast self-examination (BSE).

### Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

#### Purpose:

- To help individuals become familiar with the normal state of their breasts.

- To detect any changes or abnormalities early, such as lumps, thickening, or other unusual signs.

#### How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination:

1. **Visual Inspection:**

   - Stand in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and your arms on your hips.

   - Look for any changes in breast shape, size, or color. Check for dimpling, puckering, or changes in the skin texture.

   - Raise your arms and look for the same changes.

2. **Physical Examination:**

   - **Lying Down:**

     - Lie down and place a pillow under your right shoulder. Put your right arm behind your head.

     - Use your left hand to feel your right breast. Use a firm, smooth touch with the first few fingers of your hand, keeping the fingers flat and together.

     - Move your fingers in a circular motion, covering the entire breast from top to bottom and side to side—from your collarbone to the top of your abdomen and from your armpit to your cleavage.

     - Repeat these steps for your left breast using your right hand.

   - **In the Shower:**

     - Many women find that it is easier to feel their breasts when their skin is wet and slippery.

     - Use the same hand movements described above to check your breasts while showering.

#### When to Perform BSE:

- It's recommended to perform BSE once a month, preferably a few days after your menstrual period ends when breasts are least likely to be swollen and tender.

- For women who no longer menstruate, choosing a specific day each month, such as the first of the month, can help with consistency.

#### What to Look For:

- Lumps or hard knots.

- Thickening or swelling.

- Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.

- Dimpling or puckering of the skin.

- Nipple discharge (other than breast milk), especially if it's bloody.

- Redness, soreness, rash, or swelling.

#### Importance:

- Regular BSE can help you become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel, making it easier to notice changes.

- Early detection of breast cancer can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment.

While BSE is a useful tool, it should not replace regular mammograms or professional clinical breast exams. If you notice any changes during your self-exams, contact your healthcare provider promptly for further evaluation.