Understanding the Surge in Dental Caries: Causes, Biology, and Prevention Understanding the Surge in Dental Caries: Key Causes, Biology, and Prevention Published by Oral Health Research Digest | Science & Preventive Dentistry Dental caries —commonly known as tooth decay and cavities—remains one of the most widespread chronic conditions globally. Despite modern advancements in restorative dentistry, cavity rates continue to rise due to shifts in diet, changing daily habits, and systemic health barriers. Understanding the biological mechanisms behind cavity formation is the first step toward effective prevention. Primary Drivers of Increased Cavity Rates 1. High Sugar and Refined Carbohydrate Diets Frequent consumption of sugary foods, candies, sodas, and processed starches provides the primary fuel for mouth microflora. Simple sugars feed acid-producing bacteria, driving rapid demineralizat...