30 Medical Terms Used in the Cardiovascular Syste

 

30 Medical Terms Used in the Cardiovascular System

1. Angina Pectoris – Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
2. Myocardial Infarction – Heart attack; death of heart muscle due to prolonged ischemia.
3. Atherosclerosis – Buildup of plaque in arterial walls, leading to narrowing and hardening.
4. Arrhythmia – Irregular heartbeat, either too fast, too slow, or erratic.
5. Hypertension – Chronically elevated blood pressure in the arteries.
6. Cardiomyopathy – Disease of the heart muscle that impairs pumping ability.
7. Endocardium – Inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.
8. Myocardium – Middle muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction.
9. Pericardium – Double-layered sac surrounding and protecting the heart.
10. Atrium – Upper chamber of the heart that receives blood.
11. Ventricle – Lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out.
12. Aortic Valve – Valve between the left ventricle and aorta preventing backflow.
13. Mitral Valve – Bicuspid valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
14. Tricuspid Valve – Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
15. Pulmonary Valve – Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
16. Coronary Arteries – Vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
17. Sinus Node (SA Node) – Natural pacemaker initiating the heartbeat.
18. Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) – Electrical relay station between atria and ventricles.
19. Bundle of His – Conductive fibers transmitting impulses to the ventricles.
20. Purkinje Fibers – Network distributing electrical impulses throughout ventricular muscle.
21. Ischemia – Reduced blood supply to a tissue, often causing pain or dysfunction.
22. Thrombus – Blood clot formed within a vessel or heart chamber.
23. Embolus – A thrombus that breaks free and travels through the bloodstream.
24. Stenosis – Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or heart valve.
25. Regurgitation – Backward leakage of blood through a defective valve.
26. Bradycardia – Abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 bpm at rest).
27. Tachycardia – Abnormally fast heart rate (above 100 bpm at rest).
28. Fibrillation – Rapid, uncoordinated contractions of cardiac muscle fibers.
29. Ejection Fraction – Percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat.
30. Cardiac Output – Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.