Everything You Need to Know About Appendicitis
Everything You Need to Know About Appendicitis
Published: November 22, 2025
Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. It occurs when the appendix – a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine – becomes inflamed. If not treated quickly, a ruptured appendix can lead to life-threatening complications.
What Causes Appendicitis?
The exact cause isn’t always clear, but the most common triggers are:
- Blockage of the appendix opening by fecal matter (fecalith)
- Lymphoid hyperplasia (enlarged lymph tissue)
- Infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic)
- Tumors (rare)
- Foreign objects
Classic Symptoms of Appendicitis
- Pain that starts near the belly button and migrates to the lower right abdomen
- Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Low-grade fever (usually 99–102 °F / 37.2–38.9 °C)
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Abdominal bloating
Special Signs Doctors Check
- Rebound tenderness – pain when pressure is released
- Rovsing’s sign – pain in the right lower quadrant when the left side is pressed
- Psoas sign – pain when extending the right hip
- Guarding – involuntary tightening of abdominal muscles
How Is Appendicitis Diagnosed?
Doctors typically use a combination of:
- Physical examination
- Blood tests (elevated white blood cell count)
- Urine test (to rule out kidney stones or UTI)
- Imaging:
- Ultrasound (especially in children and pregnant women)
- CT scan (most accurate)
- MRI (when CT is contraindicated)
Treatment Options
Appendectomy – surgical removal of the appendix – remains the gold standard.
- Laparoscopic (“keyhole”) surgery – 3–4 tiny incisions, faster recovery
- Open surgery – used when the appendix has ruptured or in complicated cases
In some uncomplicated cases, antibiotics alone may be tried, but recurrence risk is higher.
Complications If Left Untreated
- Appendix rupture → peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity)
- Abscess formation
- Sepsis
- Bowel obstruction
Recovery Timeline
- Laparoscopic surgery: back to normal activities in 1–3 weeks
- Open surgery: 4–6 weeks
- Most people have no long-term problems after appendectomy
Can You Prevent Appendicitis?
There is no guaranteed prevention, but a diet high in fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) may reduce risk by preventing constipation and fecaliths.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider if you suspect appendicitis.
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